Russians+in+Afghanistan

"Afghans cherish custom, but abhor rules." Soviet War in Afghanistan was a product of the Cold War and the Afghan Civil War. December 1979-February 1989

Team Leader: Amanda Cathcart Team Members : Ashley Zell, Jay Jones, Mike Finegan

Research Assignments Ashley: ﻿Background info on communism, why it needs to always expand, Cold War and communism Jay: ﻿Daoud and the scheme against his uncle, why he wanted to overthrow him, repercussions on the new gov't Mike: ﻿How did the Afghani people respond to the Russians in their country? Were they welcomed... Amanda: ﻿Why the US was worried about Russians in Afghanistan, what benefits the Russian saw

*If you weren't in class on Friday or didn't write down the notes make sure to get those because they entail vital information for our presentation! *Presentation Date= Wednesday!!

What is communism?

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Communism is a political philosophy that is willing to use violence; even against the country's own people, to achieve the goal.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">no upper class
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">no lower class
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">all goods produced are divided equally
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">all citizens get treated the same

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Americans believed it would be best if Europe followed a capitalist government system and the Soviet Union wanted all surrounding countries to follow communism. Fearing a communist attack, the United States stepped in, beginning the Cold War in the late 1940's.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Preparing for the worst, the U.S. created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The United States and plot to avoid the spread of communism was containment. Eastern Europe, the U.S. just needed to keep them contained. Western Europe was concerned along with the U.S., especially for developing nations such as Africa and South America.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Russia and China could not come to an agreement with NATO; therefore, the war continued. It finally came to an end when Eastern European countries rose above communism and joined NATO.



<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Mohammad Daoud

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Mohammad Daoud was prime minister of Afghanistan from 1953-63 and was the first cousin and brother-in-law of the Afghan King Mohammad Zahir Shah. He was well known among the Afghans and had a reputation for his drive and energy. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Afghan King Mohammad Zahir Shah was overthrown and exiled by Daoud in 1973. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">There was a conflict because of a backlash against the king's new constitution, in which the constitution had made it illegal for the king's family to hold Cabinet-level jobs.Daoud took power in 1973 when the Afgan King Mohammad Zahir Shah was in Italy receiving eye treatment. Mohammad Zahir was exiled from his own country. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Daoud’s policies were aimed to achieve three goals: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">To achieve these goals Daoud used the Cold War between the U.S. and Russia to provoke competition of foreign aid to Afghanistan between the U.S. and Russia. Daoud wanted to improve relations with the Sovient Union without sacrificing U.S. economic aid.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Economic modernization and development of Afghanistan.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Aggressive pursuit of the Pashtunistan policy (which deals with issues between Afghanistan and Pakistan).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Strengthening and modernization of the Afghan armed forces.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Left: Mohammad Daoud Right: Mohammad Zahir Shah


 * How The Afghani people respond to the Russians in their country[[image:http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_uB-0D-gV8mY/SEIZpovYm7I/AAAAAAAAJPI/e9QRRG9V9dY/s400/total+chaos]] **
 * The Russians had no religion because they werent allowed to have one.
 * The Afghani people did not welcome the Russians because they had no religion.
 * This action conflicted with the Afghani people because they are built off religion.
 * When you are part of a commuist country the goverment owns you and the goverment is your religion.
 * The Afghani people did not like this system of goverment because they are so deep in religion. Their religion is a way of life in Afghanistan.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">The United States and Russia

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Big Picture <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Russia's biggest enemy is the United States <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*One ideal was to weaken America's position in the Middle East <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">* When Russia assisted Afghanistan they both became allies against the US, thus twice as powerful, a win-win for Afghani's and Russians <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*"Peace" didn't last long <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Mujahideen rebelled against the Pro-Soviet Democrat Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Because of this, the DRA intervened and the Soviet war broke out

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Operation Cyclone <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Code name used by the C.I.A <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Armed Afghani's during the Soviet War in Afghanistan, funded Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda forces <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*One of the longest and most expensive covert operations ever undertaken by the C.I.A <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Started with $20-30 million per year, rose to $630 million per year in 1987 <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Arms included missiles, antiaircraft weapons to use against Soviet helicopters

__<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Backround __ <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Zbigniew Brzezinski originator of Operation Cyclone <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">* "We didn't push the Russians to intervene, but we knowingly increased the probability that they would... " <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Push the soviets into the "Afghan Trap" their own version of the Vietnam War <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">* On July 3, 1979 President Carter signed a presidential finding authorizing funding for anticommunist guerrillas in Afghanistan (entailing weapons, military training, and financial support) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Not only when Carter was in office, but Reagan as well

__<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">How the US supported the Mujahideen __ <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Got Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, Iran, as well as the PRC (People's Republic of China) to train the rebels <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*Pakistan's secret service, ISI, Inter-Services Intelligence <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">* Foreign Policy called the "Reagan Doctrine" which outright argued U.S support for Anti-Soviet movements in Afghanistan

__<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Aftermath __ <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">* U.S. argues that its funds went to native mujahideen Afghan rebels and denies that any of its funds were used to supply Osama bin Laden or Al Qaeda forces directly. <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">* Estimated that 35,000 foreign Muslims from 43 Islamic countries participated in the war <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;"> <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;">Sources: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/mesh/2008/08/russia_and_he_middle_east/ <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=0a7_1223403983 <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">* great video...http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjf9ytq1Lz0 <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">* greater video..http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mk18af8z9Y <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">[]