Class+Seperation

__Class Separation __
 * Jessy Horton-Leader
 * Kristen Satterfield
 * Ryan Gordy



Pashtuns:
Alternate Spellings-Pushtun, Pakhtun, Pashtoon, Pathan

Religion- Islam (Sunni Muslim)
 * Sunni Muslim-believe to follow the sunnah (custom/tradition) of the Prophet
 * The Islam religion was introduced to Pashtun's in the eighteenth century
 * Only a few Pashtuns are not followers of Sunni Muslim

Background-Pashtuns live in the southeastern section of Afghanistan and northwestern province of Pakistan -Examples of the language: ﻿milmastia (hospitality), tureh (courage/sword ), badal (revenge), ghayrat (protection of one's honor)
 * Pashtun society consists of many tribes and clans who were unsuccessful in establishing an independent government in their land until the rise of the Hotaki dynasty and Durrani Empire in the early-18th century
 * For over 300 years, reigned as the dominant ethnic group with nearly all rulers have been Pashtun
 * During the 1980s Pastuns gained worldwide attention with the Soviet War in Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban, (they are the main ethnic group in the movement)
 * One of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Strong tribal organizations
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Each tribe is sectioned into clans, subclans, and patriarchal families
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Each tribe occupies their own territory
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Language-Pashtu which is one of the two official languages in Afghanistan
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">A Pashtun tribal council is called a jirga, they resolve conflicts and make decisions

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Family-A Pashtun household commonly consists of a husband and wife, their unmarried children, their married sons, his wife and children
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Eldest male has authority over all extended family
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">All males stay and live in house hold when they marry or if they are unmarried
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Women/daughters will stay in the household as long as they are unmarried
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Once daughters are married they move in with their husbands family in the fathers house
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Loyalty is shifted to husbands side of the family
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Wealthy families give to the poor
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Elderly Pashtuns are dependent on their children for support
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">If a child is in school, they whole family will pay for their educations, not just the parents

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Current Events-Groundbreaking news
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">An Afghan tribe (Shinwari Tribe) has agreed to join United States military in the fight against the Taliban
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">They will burn homes, and will give one male from each family to battle
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">This is the first time an entire Pashtun tribe has agreed to fight the Taliban
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Although, tribal loyalties are instable as well as thirty years of war which has made the tribe militarily weak

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini's Description-Pashtuns are considered "above" Hazaras
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Persecuted and oppressed the Hazaras (9)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Pashtuns were in power when Hazaras tried to rise above in the nineteenth century (9)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Many hazaras were killed, sold, houses were burnt and destroyed (9)



Religion- Islam (Predominately Shi'ite Muslim)

 * Originally Sunni, but converted to Shi'ite during the Safavid reign when King Abbas, the Persian King, ruled.
 * Celebrate major religious holidays by going to Mosque for group prayers.
 * Two Major Holidays- Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
 * Eid al-Fitr- 3 day celebration after Ramadan(Month of fasting)
 * Eid al-Adha- Commemorates Abraham's willingness to kill his son at god's will.

Background Information- Most live in the High Central Mountains of Afghanistan <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">-traditional system provides religious instruction and informal home education in practical tasks, according to whether the student is a girl or a boy <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">-The formal education system is that found in schools administered by the government
 * Minority- Make up 9% of Afghanistan's population
 * Discriminated upon by the Sunni Pashtuns, who are 42% of Afghanistan's population.
 * Settled in Afghanistan as early as the 13th century.
 * Have always been struggled to survive economically
 * Those who choose to live in Major cities are part of the lowest economic class.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Most of the Hazaras are concentrated in the mountainous central region of Afghanistan
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Estimates of the Hazara population range from about 1.5 million to 4.3 million people (or 7 to 20 percent of the total Afghani population)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Most Hazaras today speak Dari, a form of Persian, and some also speak Pashtu, Baluchi, and Turkic.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Two systems of education:

Family Life
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">customary for extended families to live together in one house, including grandparents and women married to the sons of the household
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Newborn babies are usually named by the older people of the household
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Grandparents are actively involved in raising their grandchildren
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">After the death of the grandparents, especially the grandfather, the sons usually begin living in separate households of their own.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Marriages are arranged by the families of the bride and groom
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">When a daughter is married, she moves in with her husband's family.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Current Events > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini's Description
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Peaceful movement to try and acquire more Hazara provinces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Hazara people want more rights and freedoms in Afghanistan
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Minister for Information and Public Relations Mian Iftikhar Hussain is ralking to leaders to try and get more constitutional rights for these citizens
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Considered to be "servants" to Pashtuns
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Often discriminated by Pashtuns
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Considered weaker and are poorer, less educated, and less powerful then Pashtuns
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Looked down upon by most around them



<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">-Used as prostitutes or the Taliban <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">-Many of the females that were taken are still missing
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 250%;">Mazar-i Sharif **
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">﻿This take over began August 8, 1998
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Occurred in Mazar-i Sharif
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> At least 8,000 Hazaras killed
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Massacre led by the Taliban (Pashtun extremists)
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Many Hazaras were taken as prisoners
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Women and girls were raped and abducted

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">The Taliban bombed the streets, shot civilians, used rocket launchers to destroy entire towns
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Many were killed by "The Halal Way"-having their throats slit
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">If a Hazar was shot, it was in the head, chest, and testicles
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Often the men were killed in front of the women
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Pashtuns were also accidentally killed during this massacr
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Main leaders of the massacre:
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> Mullah Manon Niazi- spoke at mosques and on the radio explaining his hatred of Hazars: "Wherever you go we will catch you," he said. "If you go up, we will pull you down by your feet; if you hide below we will pull you up by your hair."
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: normal;">Mullah Musa- toured a public hospital looking for Hazara patients to kill, later that day he took a group of gunmen to the army hospital and they murdered about 20 and relatives who had been visiting them.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Maulawi Mohammed Hanif - Taliban commander who announced to a crowd of 300 people summoned to a mosque that the policy of the Taliban was to "exterminate" the Hazaras.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px;">Thousands of people still remain unaccounted for.



Lines From Kite Runner That Show Class Separation
1. "Afghanistan is the land of the Pashtuns﻿. It always has been, always will be. We are the true Afghans, the pure Afghans, not this Flat-Nose here."- Page 40

Since ﻿Afghanistan was founded in 1747, it has been dominated by Pashtuns. Hassan is referred to as “Flat-Nose” because of his Hazaran features, which are similar to Asian features which coome from his Mongolian descent.

2. Assef gritted his teeth. “Put it down you motherless Hazara.” “Please let us be, Agha,” Hassan said.- Page 42

Even though Assef is being incredibly cruel to both Hassan and Amir, Hassan still treats him with respect by referring to him as “agha”, acknowledging that he is of a higher class: Pashtun.

3. “But I remembered something my teacher had said that summer about Iranians, that they were grinning smooth talkers who patted you on the back with one hand and picked your pocket with the other.- Page 57

The Afghan society brainwashes the children into believing that Hazaras are lesser beings than Pashtuns. In this case the discrimination is broadcasted through the educational system.

4. “Although I’ve always wondered how he manages. I mean, with those tight little eyes, how does he see anything?”- Page 68

Not only are the Hazaras the victims of discrimination from Pashtuns economically, but their physical appearance, such as their “tight little eyes” which are similar to the eyes of an Asian because of their Mongolian descent. This also shows discrimination starts at a young age.

5. “And there’s nothing sinful about teaching a lesson to a disrespectful donkey.” “I don’t know,” Wali muttered. “Suit yourself,” Assef said. He turned to Kamal. “What about you?” “I…well…” “It’s just a Hazara,” Assef said.- Page 75

Through referring to Hassan as a “disrespectful donkey” Assef shows that Hazaras are not even thought to be on the same level as people. Assef further demonstrates this by saying “it’s just a Hazara”, as he attempted to explain to his cronies that since Hassan is only a Hazara it would not be wrong to rape him.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">http://www.afghan-network.net/Ethnic-Groups/hazaras.html <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">http://middleeast.about.com/od/glossary/g/me080825a.htm <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Afghanistan-to-Bosnia-Herzegovina/Pashtun.html <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/sects/sunni.htm <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Pashtun_people <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">[]